Ambient Science: Click the Volume and issue number for Complete Article

Location where to get the Complete Article --> Ambient Science: Vol 3, No Sp 1 (2016): 64-68

ISSN- 2348-5191 (Print version); 2348-8980 (Online)

Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire: Reliability, Validity and Factor Analysis



Poneh Purkhajuee, Nasser Behroozy, Mahssa Karamozian

Abstract

Anxiety has an important role in various fields of psychology and certainly in specific periods of human life. This study is to focus on confirmatory factor analysis of Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ) that has been designed by keeping in mind the Iranian pregnant women population. After confirming the validity and content to the psychometric tool, 170 pregnant women in health centres of Kerman city were selected through random sampling method to fill-up the PRAQ questionnaire and Beck Anxiety Inventory. Based on the results it could be concluded we Iranian have not much difference in components of pregnancy anxiety while comparing with the cases of the other countries. This study certainly would introduce a tool which could be beneficial in measuring anxiety and concerns of women during pregnancy.



References

  • Arai, Y.C., Ueda, W., Ushida, T., Kandatsu, N., Ito, H., & Komatsu, T. (2009): Increased heart rate variability correlation between mother and child immediately pre-operation. Acta Anae Scan., 53(5), 607-610.
  • Babanazari, L., & Kafi, S.M. (2008): Anxiety to its Different Periods, Sexual Satisfaction and Demographic Factors. Iran. Psyc. Clin. Psychol., 14(2):206-213.
  • Beck, A.T. & Steer, R.A. (1990): Manual for the Beck anxiety inventory. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
  • Bhagwanani, S.G., Seagraves, K., Leroy, J., Dierker, M., & Lax, M. (1997): Relationship between prenatal anxiety &prenatal outcome in nulliparous woman: a prospective study. J. Natl. Med. Assoc., 89(2):93-8.
  • Bunevicius, A., & Cesnaite, E. (2007): Antenatal maternal mental state and anthropometric characteristics of the neonates: impact of symptoms of depression and anxiety. Biol. Psich. Psichofarmakologija, 91: 3-6.
  • Cha, S., & Masho, S.W. (2013): Preterm Birth and Stressful Life Events. Published by: Intech Open access.
  • Christian, L. M. (2012): Psychoneuroimmunology in pregnancy: Immune pathways linking stress with maternal health,adverse birth outcomes, and fetal development. Neur. & Biob. Revi., 36(1):350-61.
  • Cookson, H., Granell, R., Joinson, C., Ben, S.Y. & Henderson, A.J. (2009): Mother's anxiety duringpregnancy isassociated with asthma in their children. J. All. Clin. Imm., 123(4): 847-53.
  • Dennis, K.K., Kerim, M.M., David, J.C. & Andrea, M.M. (2008). Prenatal stress and risk for autism. Neur. Bio. Beh. Rev., 32(8): 1519-1532.
  • DiPietro, J.A., Ghera, M.M., Costigan, K. & Hawkins, M. (2004): Measuring the ups and downs of pregnancy stress. J. Psych. Obst. & Gyn., 25(3-4): 189-201.
  • Dunkel-schetter, C. (1998): Maternal stress and preterm delivery. Pren. Neo. Med., 3:39-42.
  • Farland, J.M., Salisbury, A.L., Cynthia, L.B., Hawes, K., Halloran, K.K. & Lester, B.M. (2011): Major depressive disorder during pregnancy and emotional attachment to thefetus. Arch. Women. Men. Heal. 14(5): 425-434.
  • Goodman, J.H., & Tyer-Viola, L. (2010): Detection, Treatment, and Referral ofPerinatal Depression and Anxiety by Obstetrical Providers. J. Women Heaalth.,19(3):219-229.
  • Heidi, S.K., Christine, D.S., Laura, M.G., Calvin, J.H., Curt, A.S. (2014): Pregnancy anxiety and prenatal cortisol trajectories. Biolo. Psyc., 100:13-19.
  • Huizink, A.C., Mulder, E.J., Robles de Medina, P.G., Visser, G.H., & Buitelaar, J.K. (2004): Is pregnancy anxiety a distinctive syndrome? Early Hum. Dev., 79(2), 81-91.
  • Isohanni, M., Jones, P., Kemppainen, L., Croudace, T., Isohanni, I. & Veijola, J. (2000): Childhood and adolescent predictors ofschizophrenia in the Northern Finland 1966 birth cohorta descriptive life-span model. Eur Arch Psy Clin Neur., 250(6): 311-319.
  • Kammerer, M., Adams, D., Castelberg, Bv. & Glover, V. (2002): Pregnant women become insensitive to cold stress. BMC Pre Chil., 2(1):8.
  • Kaviani, H., & Mousavi, A.S. (2008): Psychometric properties of the Persian version of beck anxiety inventory (BAI). T. Uni. Med. J., 65(2):136-140.
  • Madhavanprabhakaran, G. K., D'Souza, M. S., & Nairy, K. S. (2015). Prevalence of pregnancy anxiety and associated factors. Int. J. Afr. Nur. Sci., 3, 1-7.
  • Martin, J.L., & Vance, C.S. (1984): Behavioral and psychosocial factors in AIDS: Methodological and substantive issues. AM Psychol., 39(11):1303-1308.
  • Nouri, P.H., Alimohammadi, I., Arghami, Sh., Ghohari, M.R., & Farshad, A.A. (2010): Assessment of reliability and validity of a new safety culture questionnaire. Iran. Occu. Hea., 7(1):18-25.
  • O'Connor T.G., Caprariello, P., Blackmore, E.R., Gregory, A.M. & Fleming, G.P. (2007): ALSPAC Study Team. Prenatal mood disturbance predicts sleep problems ininfancy and toddlerhood. Early Hum. Develop. J., 83(7): 451-458.
  • O'Connor, T.G., Heron, J., Golding, J., Beveridge, M., & Glover, V. (2002): Matranal antenatal anxiety and children's behavioral/ emotional problems at 4 years. Report from the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children. Br. J. Psychiatry, 180: 502-508.
  • O'Keane, V. (2000). Evolving model of depression as an expression of multiple interacting risk factors. Br. J. Psychiatry, 177: 482-483.
  • Punamäki, R.L., Repokari, L., Vilska, S., Poikkeus, P., Tiitinen, A., Sinkkonen, J. & Tulppala, M. (2006): Maternal mental health and medical predictors of infant developmental and health problems from pregnancy to one year: does former infertility matter? Inf. Beh. Develop.,29(2): 230-242.
  • Rahman, A. & Creed, F. (2007): Outcome of prenatal depression and risk factors associated withpersistence in the first postnatal year: prospective study from Rawalpindi, Pakistan. J. Affect. Disord., 100(1):115-121.
  • Saisto, T., & Halmesmaki, E. (2003): Fear of childbirth: a neglected dilemma. Acta. Obst. Gyn. Sca., 82(3):201-208.
  • Schumacker,R.E. & Lomax, R.G. (2010): A beginner's guide to structural equation modelling, 3rd Ed. Published by Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Solchany, J.E. (2003): Promoting maternal mental health during pregnancy. Theory, practice & intervention. Washington: NCAST PublicationSeattle.
  • Van den Bergh, B.R., Mulder, E.J., Mennes, M. & Glover, V. (2005): Antenatal maternal anxiety and stress and then eurobehavioural development of the fetus and child: links and possible mechanisms. A review. Neur. Biob. Rev., 29(2): 237-258.
  • Vanden berg, B.R. (1990): The influence of maternal emotional during pregnancy on fetal& neonatal behavior. Pre. Psyc. J., 5(2):119-130.
  • WHO. (2013). World Health Organization Report: Maternal mental health and child health and development inlow and middle income countries: report of meeting held in Geneva, Switzerland.

    • DOI:10.21276/ambi.2016.03.sp1.ra10

    Creative Commons License

    This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
    Published by: National Cave Research and Protection Organization, India

    <Environmental Science+Zoology+Geology+Cave Science>AMBIENT SCIENCE